What principle gives the judicial branch the power to invalidate actions of the other branches?

The principle that grants the judicial branch the authority to invalidate actions of the other branches is known as checks and balances. This framework is designed to ensure that no single branch of government becomes too powerful and that each branch has mechanisms to review and potentially overturn actions taken by the others. The judicial branch uses this power through judicial review, allowing it to determine the constitutionality of legislative and executive actions.

While separation of powers defines the distinct roles and responsibilities of the three branches—executive, legislative, and judicial—the actual mechanism that enables the judiciary to challenge or nullify the actions of the other branches falls within the realm of checks and balances. This system promotes accountability, ensuring that laws and policies adhere to constitutional principles. Thus, the correct answer aligns with the fundamental principles that underlie the structure of government designed to prevent the abuse of power.